Experimental evaluation of forced convective heat transfer of Fe3O4 ferrofluid in a horizontal u-shaped tube under variable magnetic field effect based on Taguchi approach

In this paper, the hydrodynamic and thermal behavior of a Fe3O4 ferrofluid flow was experimentally investigated inside cupric u-shaped tube on horizontal surface, under effect variable magnetic field. The inlet regime laminar considered boundary conditions with uniform heat flux, which affected by field in some regions. purpose study to investigate parameters such as volume fraction nanoparticles, Reynolds number flow, radius curvature, frequency at three levels four factors order increase convection transfer coefficient. analyses were carried out separately for regions tube, namely straight section, curvature outlet section following Taguchi method experiment design ANOVA. Results ANOVA showed that changes had greatest (82.88%) increasing However, parameter sections 69.61% 73.47%, respectively. addition, minimum influence coefficient observed parameter, its 1.48%, 0.66%, 0.7%,